2.02.2 Self-Employment Income (3)

Question 問題
Based on the following information, what is the amount of Beth's self-employment income?
- Salary from her S corporation - $15,000
- Partnership income (inactive general partner) - $8,000
- Corporate director's fees - $1,500
- Payment from insurance company for lost income - $10,000

A. $1,500

B. $9,500

C. $19,500

D. $24,500

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. $19,500] = $8,000 + $1,500 + $10,000
パートナーシップの通常事業所得の割当ては自営業者税の対象となる
（S corporationからの通常事業所得の割当ては対象とならない）。
所得補償保険は所得税の対象となる。

2.02.2 Self-Employment Income (2)

Question 問題
Based on the following information, what is the amount of Ruth's self-employment income?
- Salary from her S corporation - $10,000
- S corporation ordinary income - $25,000
- Corporate director fees - $2,500
- Guaranteed payment 特別分配支出 from partnership (Ruth is a limited partner.) - $5,000

A. $2,500

B. $7,500

C. $32,500

D. $42,500

The correct answer is 正解は、[B. $7,500] = $2,500 + $5,000
S corporationからの通常事業所得の割当ては対象とならない。
役員報酬、パートナーシップからの特別分配支出は自営業者所得の対象となる。

2.02.2 Self-Employment Income (1)

Question 問題
Which type of income is NOT subject to self-employment tax?

A. Wages, salaries, and tips received as an employee.

B. Non-employee compensation. 非従業員報酬

C. Net profits from sole proprietorship.

D. Distributive share of partnership income. パートナーシップからの分配

The correct answer is 正解は、[A. Wages, salaries, and tips received as an employee.]
従業員の給与所得は自営業者税の対象ではない。パートナーシップからのパススルー所得は対象となる。

2.02.1 Gross Income (3)

Question 問題
Shawn Smith, sole proprietor, 個人事業者 had the following transactions during 2018:
- Received rental income $7,500
- Performed legal services for ATI Corporation in return for 見返りとして 10 shares of stock $24,000
- Recovered accounts receivable that had been written off and deducted 貸倒控除した in 2016 (did not reduce tax 税額は減らさなかった) $20,000
What amount must Mr. Smith include in gross income for 2018?

A. $44,000

B. $27,500

C. $31,500

D. $51,500

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. $31,500] = $7,500 + $24,000
過年度に貸倒損失控除をとったが税額は減らしていないため、当年度に回収した$20,000を所得に含める必要はない。

2.02.1 Gross Income (2)

Question 問題
In 2017, Katie Good, a sole proprietor 個人事業者 Good's Bike Shop, had gross income of $235,000, a bad debt deduction of $7,000, and other expenses of $65,850. She reported the business on the accrual method of accounting and used the specific charge-off method 個別償却法 for bad debts.
In 2018, she recovered $5,000 of the $7,000 bad debt deducted in 2017.
How much will she claim in income and in what year?

A. $7,000 in 2018.

B. Amend 2017 to eliminate 除外する bad debt deduction of $7,000.

C. $5,000 in 2018.

D. Amend 2017 to reduce 減額する bad debt deduction by $5,000.

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. $5,000 in 2018.]
過年度に貸倒損失控除をとっているため、当年度に回収した$5,000は当年度の所得に含める。

2.02.1 Gross Income (1)

Question 問題
Gross income from a hobby activity of an individual is

A. Net reported if less than $400

B. Reported as other income on Schedule 1 line 21, Form 1040.

C. Reported as gross income on line 1, Schedule C (Form 1040)

D. Netted against related expenses, and the excess, if any, is reported as other income on line 21, Form 1040.

The correct answer is 正解は、[B. Reported as other income on Schedule 1 line 21, Form 1040.]
趣味による収入はForm 1040 Schedule 1の21行目 雑所得（other income）として申告する。
趣味に係った費用は2018年度申告より控除が認められない。

2.01.4 Accounting Periods (1)

Question 問題
Which of the following date would NOT be considered the end of a tax year?
次のうち課税年度の最終日として考えられないものは？

A. The last Friday in June.

B. September 30, 2018

C. April 15, 2018.

D. December 31, 2018.

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. April 15, 2018.]
毎年同じ月の同じ最終曜日を終了日をする課税年度も採用できる（52-53-week tax year）。

2.01.3 Inventory Valuation (3)

Question 問題
Which of the following items are generally included in inventory?

A. Goods for sale that someone else has consigned 他者が預けた to you

B. Equipment 機械 used in your business to manufacture goods. 商品を製造する

C. Goods you have sent out on consignment 委託するために発送した for someone else to sell.

D. Goods in transit 輸送中の商品 to you for which title has not yet passed 名義がまだ変更されていない to you.

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. Goods you have sent out on consignment for someone else to sell.]
他者に販売を委託するために発送した商品は手元にはないが所有権は自身にあるため棚卸資産に含める。

2.01.3 Inventory Valuation (2)

Question 問題
Under the lower-of-cost-or-market method, 低価法で what is the value 価値はどれだけですか of the following items that should be included in closing inventory? 棚卸資産に含めるべき

Item	Cost	Market
X	$450	$700
Y	$250	$100
Z	$300	$250
Total	$1,000	$1,050

A. $800

B. $1,000

C. $1,050

D. $1,200

The correct answer is 正解は、[A. $800]
= X $450 + Y $100 + Z $250

2.01.3 Inventory Valuation (1)

Question 問題
Which of the following is NOT subject 対象ではないものはどれ to the uniform capitalization rules?

A. Real property or tangible personal property that an individual produces for sale to customers. 個人が販売目的で生産した

B. Real property or tangible personal property that an individual produces for use in a trade or business. 個人が取引またはビジネスで使用するために生産した

C. Personal property acquired for resale. 転売目的で取得した

D. Property produced under a long-term contract. 長期契約のもと製造された

The correct answer is 正解は、[D. Property produced under a long-term contract.]
UNICAPルールは事業用または販売用に製造もしくは取得した不動産及び動産に適用されるが、長期契約のもと製造された動産および不動産は適用対象外。

2.01.2 Accounting Methods (5)

Question 問題
Ms. Dee owns and operates a dance studio. On December 1, 2017, she received an advance payment of $2,400 前払いを受け取り from Angie to give her 12 dance lessons. 12回のダンスレッスン料として。 The agreement stated that one lesson would be given in 2017 and 11 lessons in 2018. However, due to Angie's health, アンディの健康上の問題で one lesson scheduled for June 2018 was postponed 延期されました until January 2019. Ms. Dee uses the calendar year and the accrual methods 発生主義です of accounting. Assuming Dee elects to defer the advance payments, ディーさんが前払いを繰り延べたと仮定すると when must she include the payment received いつ彼女はその前受け金を含めないといけませんか from Angie in income?

A. $2,400 in 2018.

B. $200 in 2017 and $2,200 in 2018.

C. $200 in 2017, $2,000 in 2018, and $200 in 2019.

D. $2,400 in 2017.

The correct answer is 正解は、[B. $200 in 2017 and $2,200 in 2018.]
前受収益は、原則、会計主義にかかわらず受領年度の所得として課税対象となるが、発生主義の納税者が役務提供に対して受領した前受収益については翌課税年度末まで繰延可能。

2.01.2 Accounting Methods (4)

Question 問題
Erin earned $1,000 in interest in 2016. Erin withdrew 引き出した $700 in 2017 and $300 in 2018. How much of the original $1,000 should Erin report as interest earned in 2018?

A. $0

B. $300

C. $700

D. $1,000

The correct answer is 正解は、[A. $0]
2016年の利息$1,000は、引き出したかどうかにかかわらず2016年度の利子所得として申告する。

2.01.2 Accounting Methods (3)

Question 問題
Generally, 原則、 all of the following entities 以下のすべての事業体は may use the cash method of accounting, 現金主義会計を採用できます EXCEPT 除いて

A. A family farming corporation 家族農業法人で with gross receipts of 総収入が $25 million or less.

B. An entity with no inventories and 棚卸資産のない法人で average annual gross receipts of 平均年間収入が $25 million or less

C. A qualified personal service corporation. 適格人的役務提供法人

D. A corporation that has long-term contracts. 長期契約のある法人

The correct answer is 正解は、[D. A corporation that has long-term contracts.]
長期契約のある法人は現金主義の採用を認められない。

2.01.2 Accounting Methods (2)

Question 問題
Which of the following accounting methods 次のうちどの会計処理方法が is NOT an acceptable 許容されませんか？ method of reporting income and expenses?
次のうちどの会計処理方法が、収益と費用を報告する方法として許容されませんか？

A. If an inventory is necessary 棚卸資産が重要な場合 to account for your income, you must use an accrual method 発生主義を採用しなければならない for purchases and sales. 仕入と売上に関して You can use the cash method 現金主義を採用できる for all other items of income and expense. その他すべての収益と費用に関しては

B. If you use the cash method for figuring 計算する your income, you can use the accrual method for figuring your expenses.

C. Any combination that includes the cash method is treated as the cash method. 現金主義を含むいかなる組み合わせも、現金主義として扱われれる。

D. You can use different accounting methods for reporting business and personal items. 事業項目と個人的項目で異なる会計処理を採用できる。

The correct answer is 正解は、[B. If you use the cash method for figuring your income, you can use the accrual method for figuring your expenses.] 収益を現金主義で計算している場合、費用も現金主義で計算しなければなりません。

2.01.2 Accounting Methods (1)

Question
Which of the following accounting changes do NOT require the filing of Form 3115 to request a change in accounting method?

A. Correction of a math error.

B. Change from accrual method to cash method.

C. Change in the method inventory is valued.

D. Change from cash method to accrual method.

The correct answer is [A. Correction of a math error.]
発生主義と現金主義の変更や棚卸資産の評価方法の変更はForm 3115を提出するが、計算ミスの訂正ではForm 3115の提出義務はない。

2.01.1 Business Entities (1)

Question
A domestic limited liability company with at least two members that does not file Form 8832, Entity Classification Election, is classified as

A. An entity disregarded as an entity separate from its owners by applying the rule in regulations section 301.7701-3.

B. A partnership.

C. A corporation

D. A non-entity that requires members to report the income and related expenses on Form 1040.

The correct answer is [B. A partnership.]
LLCはForm 8832を提出することによりCorporationも選択可。提出しない場合、2人以上ならPartnership、1人なら個人事業主（Solo Proprietorship）として課税される。