2.05.1 Basis (2)

Question 問題、
Larry purchased an office building and land on February 1 of the current year for $1,000,000. No liabilities were assumed. The assessed value of the assets for real estate purposes at the time of the purchase were as follows:
- Land $300,000
- Building $500,000
What is the basis of the building?

A. $500,000

B. $600,000

C. $625,000

D. $700,000

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. $625,000]
= 全体の取得価額 $1,000k x 建物のFMV $500k / 全体のFMV $800k

2.05.1 Basis (1)

Question 問題、
Arthur is a proprietor of Arthur's Pizza Emporium. He bought a commercial building several years ago. He made a down payment of $20,000 in cash and assumed a mortgage for $100,000. After he paid off the mortgage, Arthur later sold the building for $180,000. Straight-line depreciation taken up to the date of sale was $18,000. What is the total gain on the sale?

A. $78,000

B. $80,000

C. $60,000

D. $16,000

The correct answer is 正解は、[A. $78,000]
= $180,000 - 簿価 $102,000 (= 取得原価 (頭金 $20,000 + ローン $100,000) - 減価償却累計額 $18,000)

2.04.9 Qualified Business Income (1)

Question 問題、
Which of the following items are including in qualified business income (QBI)?

A. Pre-2018 previously disallowed losses or deductions that are allowed in the current year.

B. Allocable losses associated with a qualified trade or business.

C. Short-term capital losses.

D. Guaranteed payments paid for services rendered with respect to a qualified trade or business.

The correct answer is 正解は、[B. Allocable losses associated with a qualified trade or business.]
2018年度申告より、国内適格事業所得 (QBI) の20%が控除可能。
適格事業所得 (QBI) とは、自営業者の事業所得やPertnership、S Corp等からパス・スルーされた通常事業所得 (Ordinary business income) をいう。
給与、パートナーが受領するGuaranteed payment、利息配当、キャピタル・ゲイン等は含まれない。

2.04.6 Other Business Expenses (1)

Question 問題、
Mr. R is a self-employed over-the-road trucker who use the cash method of accounting. Which one of the following expenses paid during the current year would be deductible on Mr. R's Schedule C?

A. Penalty for late delivery of cargo paid to Corporation V.

B. Fine for speeding in business truck paid to City A.

C. Overweight fine paid to State B.

D. Contribution to Bull Moose political party in an attempt to receive a trucking contract.

The correct answer is 正解は、[A. Penalty for late delivery of cargo paid to Corporation V.]
違反による罰金（fine）や政治献金（political contribution）は控除することができません。
取引先に対する違約金は事業経費として控除可能。

2.04.5 Business Gifts (2)

Question 問題、
Vernice owns and operates her own business, Company V, as a sole proprietorship. During the current year, she gave the following gifts to business clients:
- 10 desk sets imprinted with her company's name valued at $4 each to Company B $40
- 10 bottles of wine valued at $25 each to Company C $250
- 10 floral arrangements at a cost of $40 each to Company C $400
- 10 watches imprinted with her company's name to Company D $250
What is the amount of business gifts Vernice can deduct for the current year?

A. $75

B. $90

C. $115

D. $940

The correct answer is 正解は、[B. $90]
= $40 (10 desk sets) + $25 (C社) + $25 (D社)
1個あたり$4以下の販促品は1人年間$25の控除制限を受けません。

2.04.5 Business Gifts (1)

Question 問題、
William Roberts sells products to unrelated XYZ Corporation. He gave XYZ five cheese packages to thank them for their business. Mr. Roberts paid $100 for each package for a total of $500. Five of the XYZ Corporation executives took the packages home. How much can William deduct for the gifts?

A. $125

B. $500

C. $0

D. $250

The Correct answer is 正解は、[A. $125]
事業上の贈答品は受領者1人につき年間$25まで控除可能。
受領者は5人のため、$25 x 5人 = $125 まで控除可能。

2.04.4 Bad Debts (2)

Question 問題
Landon, a sole proprietor, made the following loans in the current year. Two loans were closely related to his business operation, and the other two were personal.

To		Loan Amount		Loan Type		Unrecoverable Dept Written Off Landon's Books in Current Year
A		$2,000		Nonbusiness		$1,000
B		$1,000		Nonbusiness		$1,000
C		$3,000		Business		$1,000
D		$5,000		Business		$2,000

The unpaid balance of each loan that is not recoverable has been written off. What is the total maximum tax deduction Landon can take for business and nonbusiness worthless debt in the current year?

A. $2,000

B. $3,000

C. $4,000

D. $5,000

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. $4,000]
非事業上の貸倒損失は全額回収不可能になるまで控除できません。（Aは控除できない。）

2.04.4 Bad Debts (1)

Question 問題
Ms. R lent her sister money to buy a new personal-use automobile. The understanding was that the loan was to be repaid. The debt was subsequently forgiven since Ms. R's sister could not repay the debt. This is an example of

A. A business bad debt.

B. A nonbusiness bad debt.

C. A gift.

D. A specific charge-off.

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. A gift.]
家族や友人への貸付金を自ら債権放棄した場合には、通常、贈与とみなされます。