2.06.5 Depreciation Recapture (2)

Question 問題、
A taxpayer acquired a rental house several years ago for $190,000. The taxpayer sold his rental house for $190,000 in May 2018. Under an accelerated method, the taxpayer's depreciation is $67,840. Under the S-L method, the taxpayer's depreciation is $64,960. How much Sec. 1250 gain did this taxpayer have classified as ordinary income when the house was sold?

A. $0

B. $2,880

C. $64,960

D. $67,840

The correct answer is 正解は、[A. $0]
1年超保有の事業用減価償却対象動産及び不動産 (Sec.1231 asset) の売却益は長期キャピタル・ゲインとして扱うことができる。
ただし、減価償却対象となる不動産 (Sec.1250 asset) に対し、加速度償却法を選択していた場合には、リキャプチャー規定が適用され、定額法 (SL) の償却額との差額を通常所得 (ordinary income) として扱わなければならない。
本問では数年前 (sevetal years ago) に購入されており、1986年以降に取得した賃貸住宅は定額法で償却されているはずなので、リキャプチャー規定は適用されない。

2.06.5 Depreciation Recapture (1)

Question 問題、
Sam files a calendar-year return. In February 2016, he purchased and placed in service for 100% use in his business a light-duty truck (5 year property) for a cost of $10,000. He used the half-year convention and figured his MACRS deductions for the truck were $2,000 in 2016 and $3,200 in 2017. He did not take the Sec. 179 deduction on it. He sold the truck in May 2018 for $7,000. The MACRS deduction in 2018, the year of sale, is $960 (2/1 of $1,920). How much of the gain will be treated as ordinary income in 2018?

A. $3,160

B. $2,200

C. $3,840

D. None of the answers are correct

The correct answer is 正解は、[A. $3,160]
トラックの減価償却累計額：2016年 $2,000 + 2017年 $3,200 + 2018年 $960 = $6,160
トラックの売却益：売却額 $7,000 - (取得価額 $10,000 - 減価償却累計額 $6,160) = $3,160
1年超保有の事業用減価償却対象動産及び不動産 (Sec.1231 asset) の売却益は長期キャピタル・ゲインとして扱うことができる。
ただし、減価償却対象の動産及び償却対象の無形資産 (Sec.1245 asset) についてはリキャプチャー規定が適用され、過去の償却部分までを通常所得 (ordinary income) として扱わなければならない。

2.06.4 Depletion (1)

Question 問題、
Which of the following would NOT qualify for a depletion deduction?

A. Gas well.

B. Timber lot.

C. Oil refinery.

D. Stone quarry.

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. Oil refinery.]
ガス田 (Gas well) 木材伐採場 (Timber lot) 採石場 (Stone quarry) は天然資源なので減耗控除の対象。
石油精製所 (Oil refinery) は石油を採掘する場所ではなく精製する場所なので通常の減価償却の対象。

2.06.3 Amortization (2)

Question 問題、
Michael James purchased a travel agency on July 1, 2018, and immediately took over the business. The purchase contract included the following items as part of the purchase price:
- Goodwill valued at $60,000.
- Workforce in place valued at $30,000.
- Trademark valued at $60,000
- Government permit valued at $30,000
What is the proper amount of Michael's Internal Revenue Code Sec. 197 amortization expense for 2018, assuming Michael is a calendar-year taxpayer?

A. $90,000

B. $30,000

C. $6,000

D. $12,000

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. $6,000]
= 営業権 $60,000 + 労働力 $30,000 + 商標 $60,000 + 許認可 $30,000) x 6/180ヶ月
無形資産は定額法により180ヶ月（15年）で償却する。
(Sec.197 intangible assets)

2.06.3 Amortization (1)

Question 問題、
Jeanne incurred start-up costs for her new business, which opened October 1, 2018. The costs were for advertising of $1,000, a market analysis survey of $2,500, employee training costs of $6,000, and travel costs for securing prospective distributions of $2,500. What is the maximum amount of the amortizable costs that may be deducted in 2018?

A. $12,000

B. $5,000

C. $5,117

D. $800

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. $5,117]
= (広告宣伝費 $1,000 + 市場調査費 $2,500 + 教育訓練費 $6,000 + 見込流通先確保のための旅費 $2,500 - 即費用化 $5,000) x 3/180ヶ月 + 即費用控除 $5,000
創立費及び新規事業開拓費は初年度にそれぞれ$5,000まで即費用化控除が選択可。
（それぞれの総額が$50,000超の場合は超えた分だけ控除枠が削られる。）
即費用化後の残りは資産計上し、事業開始月より180ヶ月以上で定額償却。

2.06.2 Sec. 179 Expense (3)

Question 問題、
On January 15, 2019, Amber purchased a car for $20,000. She used the car 75% for business during 2019. What is the maximum Sec. 179 deduction and depreciation Amber may elect to claim on her income tax return for 2019, assuming she forgoes additional first-year depreciation?

A. $7,575

B. $10,100

C. $15,000

D. $20,000

The correct answer is 正解は、[A. $7,575]
旅客用車輛などの指定資産 (listed property) については、事業使用割合が50%超の場合に限り、事業使用部分についてMACRSによる通常償却及びSec.179即費用化の選択が認められる。
旅客車両 (passenger automobile) については減価償却控除額に上限が設けられており、1年目の控除額は$10,100（2019年）が上限、今回、事業使用割合が75%なので $10,100 x 75% = $7,575となる。

2.06.2 Sec. 179 Expense (2)

Question 問題、
In 2019, Mary Jane placed in service a machine that cost $3,180,000. If she placed no other Sec. 179 property in service during the year and forgoes additional first-year depreciation, how much is her Sec. 179 maximum dollar limit?

A. $510,000

B. $1,000,000

C. $0

D. $390,000

The correct answer is 正解は、[D. $390,000]
= $1,020,000 - ($3,180,000 - $2,550,000)
非関係者から購入した事業用の減価償却対象動産の取得価額は、取得年度にSec.179即費用化の選択により$1,020,000（2019年）まで即費用化できるが、取得した動産の総額が$2,550,000（2019年）を超える場合には即費用化することができる金額が超えた$1につき$1削られる。

2.06.2 Sec. 179 Expense (1)

Question 問題、
In 2019, Judy placed in service a machine that cost $1,582,000. If she placed no other Sec. 179 property in service during the year, how much is her Sec. 179 maximum dollar limit?

A. $510,000

B. $582,000

C. $1,020,000

D. $1,582,000

The correct answer is 正解は、[C. $1,020,000]
非関係者から購入した事業用の減価償却対象動産の取得価額は、取得年度にSec.179即費用化の選択により$1,020,000（2019年）まで即費用化できる。
ただし、選択年度に取得した動産の総額が$2,550,000（2019年）を超える場合には即費用化することができる金額が超えた$1につき$1削られる。

2.06.1 Depreciation Methods (4)

Question 問題、
Burt bought a 2019 BMW 525i for $64,000 on March 2, 2019. He will use the automobile 100% of the time in his business. The recovery period for passenger autos is 5 years. Burt elected out of additional first-year depreciation. What is Burt's depreciation for the year 2019?

A. $12,800

B. $10,100

C. $2,800

D. $640

The correct answer is 正解は、[B. $10,100]
車両の償却年数は5年だが、旅客車両 (passenger automobile) については減価償却控除額に上限が設けられており、1年目の控除額は$10,100（2019年）が上限になる。
2017年9月28日～2022年12月31日までに取得かつ使用開始した適格資産については初年度特別償却 (bonus depreciation) により初年度に取得価額の100%を償却できるが、本問では適用していない。

2.06.1 Depreciation Methods (3)

Question 問題、
During 2019, Danny, a calendar-year taxpayer, acquired and placed in service the following business assets:
- January: Delivery trucks $35,000
- March: Manufacturing equipment $100,000
- June: Computer system $30,000
- October: Office building $100,000
- December: Office equipment $45,000
Which convention(s) is(are) used to figure Danny's depreciation for 2019?

A. Mid-quarter for all assets except the office building, which uses mid-month.

B. Half-year for all of the assets.

C. Mid-quarter for all of the assets.

D. Half-year for all assets except the office building, which uses mid-month.

The correct answer is 正解は、[D. Half-year for all assets except the office building, which uses mid-month.]
不動産 (building) 以外の動産に関しては、第4四半期に40%超を使用開始した場合のみMid-quarter concentionを用いる。
(トラック $35,000 + 製造設備 $100,000 + コンピュータ $30,000 + 事務備品 $45,000) x 40% = $84,000 ＞ 第4四半期（12月）使用開始分 $45,000

2.06.1 Depreciation Methods (2)

Question 問題、
Pat Snow bought a truck weighing 8,000 lbs. She uses the truck to make deliveries in her candy business. She bought the truck on July 1, 2018, at a cost of $25,000. What is the first year's depreciation under the MACRS rules using the following table?

Year		3-year		5-year		7-year		10-year
1		33.33%		20.00%		14.29%		10.00%
2		44.45%		32.00%		24.49%		18.00%

A. $10,000

B. $5,000

C. $3,573

D. $2,500

The correct answer is 正解は、[B. $5,000]
トラック（車両）の償却年数は5年なので、償却率表より$25,000 x 20% = $5,000